What should I do if there are bubbles on the surface of ceramic tableware?

What should I do if there are bubbles on the surface of ceramic white porcelin dinnerware? The ceramic process is a very complicated and meticulous process. A slight negligence in any process from soil, molding to firing may cause defects or even scrap. Once chinaware ceramic encounter 'bubblesFoaming is divided into two types: green foam and glaze foam. The green bubbles are divided into oxidized bubbles and reduced bubbles. Next, the editor of ceramic tableware manufacturers introduces the causes and preventive measures of various ceramic white porcelin dinnerware blisters: 1. Oxidation bubbles 1. The green bubbles caused by incomplete oxidation of the characteristic are called oxidized bubbles. The bubble is the size of millet and is covered with a glaze layer. It is not easy to be broken by hand, the section is gray, and it is mostly produced in low temperature. 2. The main reason is that the decomposition products in the porcelain white porcelin dinnerware body and glaze are not fully oxidized, and the disappeared materials are not completely eliminated. (1) The oxidation temperature is low, and the high-temperature partial oxidation atmosphere in the oxidation zone is insufficient or fluctuating (2) Preheating zone The temperature rises quickly, the oxidation decomposition stage is short, the temperature in the kiln is too low at the end of the oxidation, and the temperature difference between the upper and lower sides is too large; 　 (3) When the green body enters the kiln, the water content is too high. 3. Preventive measures (1) Properly increase the temperature during the oxidation stage Maintain strong oxidizing firing; (2) In the oxidation stage, the temperature should be raised slowly or proper heat preservation, so that the preheating temperature of the green body is uniform, and the oxidation is sufficient; (3) When the green body enters the kiln, the water will evaporate. If the green body is not dry, burn it. In the kiln, it can be burned in the range of 0-300℃ for an additional 30 minutes to about 1 hour. 2. Reduction foam 1. Features The green foam produced due to insufficient reduction is a reduction foam. The diameter is larger than the oxidized bubble, the section is yellowish, and the chinaware ceramic are mostly produced in the high temperature near the hot part. 2. The cause is mainly due to insufficient sulfate and high-valent iron reduction in the green body, which causes blistering at high temperatures (1) The temperature of the kiln is too high, and when the oxidation is over, the temperature in the kiln is too high; (2) Insufficient strong reducing atmosphere; ( 3) The cooling time is long, resulting in insufficient reduction of the product; 　 (4) The firing temperature is too high; 3. Preventive measures (1) Appropriately reduce the temperature of the kiln to make the temperature suitable for the strong reduction stage; (2) Control the reducing atmosphere and firing The temperature is appropriate.　 III. Glaze bubbles 1. Features The glaze bubbles are generally small, drums on the surface of the glaze layer, easy to touch by hand, and stick to black dots after breaking. 2. The cause is mainly because the deposited carbon or decomposition products are not burned out before the glaze is melted. After the glaze is melted, the gas generated by the combustion of the carbon is not easy to escape, and is wrapped on the surface of the glaze layer. (1) The temperature of the kiln is improper, and the temperature difference in the kiln is too large at the end of the oxidation, which makes the body insufficiently oxidized, or the reduction is too early. (2) The atmosphere in the strong reduction stage is too strong, causing carbon deposition. (3) The initial melting temperature of the glaze is too low or the temperature rises too fast, and the vitrification of the glaze is too early. (4) The content of high-temperature decomposition products (carbonate and sulfate) in the glaze is high. 3. Preventive measures (1) Control the furnace The temperature is appropriate to reduce the temperature difference between the upper and lower parts of the preheating zone. (2) The strong reducing atmosphere is appropriate. (3) Increase the initial melting temperature of the glaze, or reduce the content of high-temperature decomposition products in the glaze.

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