The maintenance of pottery antiques can use soluble salts to remove impurities

Ceramic antiques are one of the most important items in the collection. Most ceramic antiques do not need to be cleaned and repaired. You only need to pay attention to storage to avoid bumps, do not overlap each other, and do not store them in damp rooms. Some pottery is buried in the ground for a long time, a large amount of soluble salt and other impurities penetrate deep into the utensils and accumulate, making the utensils high in salt content. In addition, some of the calcium and silicon compounds in the soil are also firmly adsorbed on the surface of the utensils to form an insoluble cover layer; there are also some painted figurines, the surface of which is peeled off, warped, and the pottery is crispy and so on. Ceramic antiques are one of the most important items in the collection. Most ceramic antiques do not need to be cleaned or repaired. You only need to pay attention to storage to avoid bumps, do not overlap each other, and do not store them in damp rooms. Because some pottery has been buried in the ground for a long time, a large amount of soluble salt and other impurities penetrate deep into the utensils and accumulate, making the utensils high in salt content. In addition, some calcium and silicon compounds in the soil are also firmly adsorbed on the surface of the utensils to form an insoluble cover layer; there are also some painted figurines, the surface of which is peeled off, warped, and the pottery is crispy and so on. The maintenance of pottery antiques can use soluble salts to remove impurities: the soluble salts in pottery are related to soil and water. Mainly sodium chloride, potassium chloride, magnesium sulfate and the hydroxides of these metal cations. Soluble salts have a certain degree of solubility under certain temperature and humidity conditions. When the temperature and humidity conditions change, the phenomenon of dissolution and recrystallization will occur, making the surface of the utensils white, and countless small flower spots are held out by the salt crystals, resulting in utensils The surface is rough, the glazed surface of the glazed pottery is peeled off, and the inside of the utensils is crispy and easy to chip. Soluble salts are the main diseases of ceramic antiques, and they are usually removed by washing with water. Before washing pottery cultural relics with high salt content, we must first determine the fire temperature, that is, the firing temperature, which can be judged from the sound. The higher the heat, the louder the sound when you hit it. Secondly, it depends on whether the porcelain surface decoration (such as painted) can withstand cleaning, otherwise it must be reinforced and protected before cleaning. There are no other decorative objects on the surface of plain pottery. Desalination of this kind of utensils is relatively simple, and the washing method is generally used. Put the utensils in flowing water and wash for one or two days to remove a large amount of soluble salt, then change to distilled water for soaking and washing. 2% silver nitrate solution can be used to measure the chloride ion concentration in the washing liquid to judge the degree of salt removal. The colored pottery materials painted on the surface of the utensils are firmly combined with the utensils. For this kind of utensils, the salt can be removed directly by washing. But there is also a type of colored pottery, such as underglaze multicolored porcelain white porcelin dinnerware, painted figurines, etc. The paint pattern is higher than the surface of the utensil and is loose. If the salt is removed directly by washing method, the pigment will be loose and fall off, so the surface must be cleaned. Reinforcement. The commonly used reinforcing agents are 2% nitrocellulose acetone solution, 2% soluble nylon alcohol solution, and 3% ethyl cellulose alcohol solution. When the utensils are reinforced by spraying or brushing, the utensils should be in a dry state, and the reinforced utensils can be washed to remove salt. After the salt is removed, solvents can be used to remove the polymer materials. It can also be omitted, because the polymer material can protect and reinforce the utensils. Because of the effects of underground damp, the cemented material in the paint has been aging and has lost its function. After being unearthed, the colored paint will fall off in a dry condition. For this kind of utensils, it should be trimmed first, and after surface reinforcement, the washing method or the pulp wrapping method should be selected to remove the salt depending on its strength. Glazed pottery has a higher firing temperature, and its surface is covered with a layer of vitreous lime glaze or lead glaze, so its stability is much better than ordinary utensils. If the glaze layer is incomplete, the salt will also penetrate into the ceramic body, and the crystallization of the salt will cause the glaze layer to peel off. If the glaze layer and the utensils are firmly combined, the washing method can be used to remove the salt; if the glaze layer and the utensils are loosely combined, they should be reinforced with polymer materials first, and the washing method or the paper pulp wrapping method should be used to remove the salt depending on its strength.

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