Ceramic on-glaze technology

Ceramic on-glaze coloring process. On-glaze coloring is one of the main decorative techniques of chinaware ceramic. It uses various color materials to draw various decorations on the glaze surface of the fired porcelain, and then enters the kiln a second time, and the color materials are cured at low temperature. It usually includes painted porcelain, colored porcelain, blue and white plus colored porcelain white porcelin dinnerware, multi-colored porcelain, famille rose porcelain, gilded porcelain and enamel, etc. Overview A kind of ceramic color decoration. Also known as 'Lake Cai'. The so-called on-glaze color is to first fire white glazed porcelain or monochromatic glazed porcelain. You can also burn multi-color porcelain. After painting on this kind of chinaware ceramic, it is then baked at 600°C to 900°C in the kiln. Become. History On-glaze painted porcelain has a long history. In the sixth year of Wuping in the Northern Qi Dynasty (AD 575), the tomb of Fan Cui once unearthed quite exquisite white and green wares, and he colorful dots can also be seen on many Jinqing wares. The truly mature overglaze ware known for its decorative paintings first appeared in Changsha kilns in the Tang Dynasty. Later, the Song Dynasty Cizhou kiln carried forward this craft and created many immortal masterpieces. The red and green colors of Cizhou kilns from the Jin to Yuan dynasties created the precedent of multicolored porcelain in the Ming Dynasty. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, the production of multicolored porcelain reached a very high level. However, the truly fine and beautiful colored wares are still the multicolored and pastel wares of the Kang, Yong, and Qian dynasties of the Qing Dynasty. Among them, whether it is judged by the exquisite craftsmanship or the painting skills of the works, the Yongzheng pastel ware should be slightly better. Falangcai wares are famous for a time, and they have repeatedly created sky-high prices. They are also rare treasures. The main varieties are overglaze multicolored, famille rose is overglaze color. The overglaze and underglaze mixed color is first fired (that is, the pattern is drawn directly on the porcelain body, and the transparent glaze is fired at a high temperature, mainly blue and white), and then the overglaze color is painted on the appropriate part, and then put into the furnace Low-temperature secondary firing. Blue and white alum red color, bucket color and blue and white color are all mixed colors of overglaze and underglaze. In the end, three series are formed: blue and white; colored glaze porcelain; and colored porcelain. There are many kinds of color materials, rich tones and slightly protruding patterns, which are easier to operate than underglaze colors. However, the brightness of the screen is poor, and it is easy to wear and change color after long-term use; it will dissolve toxic elements such as lead and cadmium if it is corroded by acidic food. The main varieties are colorful, pastel, new color, enamel color, ink color, gold drawing and so on. The development of the glaze color of ancient Chinese ceramics is from unglazed to glazed, from single-color glaze to multi-color glaze, and then from underglaze to overglaze, and gradually developed into a multicolored underglaze and overglaze painting. , Dou Cai. Colored porcelain is generally divided into two categories: underglaze color and overglaze color. The pattern is drawn on the tire blank, and the color porcelain that is baked in the kiln after glazing is called underglaze color. Colored porcelain white porcelin dinnerware that is painted again and fired in a fire is called overglaze. The famous blue and white porcelain in the Yuan Dynasty is a kind of underglaze. The successful firing of fine white glaze in the Ming Dynasty and the firing of monochromatic glaze porcelain with copper as the coloring agent made the porcelain of the Ming Dynasty rich and colorful. The diversification of glaze methods on porcelain in the Ming Dynasty marked the continuous improvement of Chinese porcelain-making technology. In the Chenghua period of the Ming Dynasty, the 'Doucai' with overglaze color added to the underglaze blue and white contours was created and burned during the Jiajing and Wanli years. The multicolored colors that are directly painted in a variety of colors without blue and white borders, are all famous treasures. . The porcelain of the Qing Dynasty was further developed on the basis of the outstanding achievements of the Ming Dynasty, and the porcelain-making technology reached a glorious state. The plain three-color and multi-colored in the Kangxi period, and the famille and enamel in the Yongzheng and Qianlong period are all well-known masterpieces at home and abroad. In the Ming Dynasty, it was fired by adding overglaze color to the outline of underglaze blue and white. Because the underglaze blue and white color and the overglaze color were so beautiful, it was named 'Doucai'. A kind of porcelain with enamel effect imitating copper body painting in Qing Dynasty. Falangcai is also called 'material color'. High-temperature on-glaze color High-temperature on-glaze color is a very important decorative method for various high-temperature monochromatic glazes and white glazes. Generally, two high-temperature color glazes with obviously different glaze colors are fired on the same vessel. Main features It is fired at a high temperature at one time, so it is called 'high-temperature overglaze' to distinguish it from the low-temperature overglaze during the Ming and Qing Dynasties. High-temperature on-glaze colors are widely used. In the past, there were various names, such as two-color glaze, top glaze, flower glaze, and so on. The stippling created by Yue kilns in the late Western Jin Dynasty was the earliest manifestation of high-temperature overglaze. Afterwards, kilns in various places used celadon, yellow glaze, white glaze, black glaze, and red glaze as the base glaze on the basis of the point-color technique, and used other tones of high-temperature glaze as the top glaze or color material. Techniques such as, pouring or brush painting are applied to the base glaze to create a variety of high-temperature on-glaze colors with strong color contrast and very good decorative effects. The more famous ones are the black ground flower glaze of Lushan kiln and Huangdao kiln; the celadon or yellow glaze ground of Changsha kiln with green spots or brown spots, and Lianzhu color; the tortoiseshell sky, tiger skin sky and oil drops of Jizhou kiln Tianmu, paper-cut Tianri, Konoha Tianri and white glaze on-glaze paintings, etc.; white glaze black flowers on white floors in Cizhou kilns; black glaze sauce spots and black glaze rust in Ding kilns, Lincheng kilns and other northern kilns Flowers; celadon red spots of Jun kiln; Guangjun of Shiwan kiln; Yijun of Yixing kiln; kiln of Jingdezhen glaze and so on.

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