Bone china molding process

The bone china manufacturer introduces two kinds of processes for bone china molding. Bone china molding is divided into daily-use porcelain white porcelin dinnerware grouting, and there are two methods: hollow grouting and solid grouting. (1) Hollow grouting: 　　 hollow grouting is a product formed by absorbing grout on one side of a plaster model. The thickness of the blank depends on the time the slurry stays in the model. It is generally suitable for pouring hollows such as pots, cups, cans, bottles, etc. Art bone china for utensils, figures, toys, etc. The shape of the blanks injected by this method depends on the shape of the working surface of the model. The operation process is: First, clean the dust or dry mud on the working surface of the model, and assemble the model. The moisture content of the model should be maintained at about 5%, too dry or wet will easily cause defects in the green body. The grouting speed should not be too fast during grouting, and the air in the model should be drained away with the injection of mud. After the mud fills the model, after an appropriate time, the mud layer adsorbed on the mold wall reaches the required thickness, and then the excess mud is poured out. Then the green body is hardened and released from the mold, and then it can be taken out. In order to prevent the product from deforming, when the bottom needs to be thickened, secondary grouting can be used, that is, a small amount of mud (commonly known as 'foot-raising') is injected into the bottom, and after it dries, the mud is completely filled, and then follow the above process operate.　　The specific gravity of the mud used for hollow grouting is generally smaller than that of solid grouting, about 1.6-1.8. The fluidity is generally 10-15 seconds, and the consistency is about 1.1-1.4.　　In order to speed up the forming speed of the green body and improve the quality and production efficiency of the products, many porcelain white porcelin dinnerware factories have adopted centrifugal grouting, and on this basis, the photoresistor control is adopted to form a mechanically operated grouting forming line. The centrifugal grouting operation is to inject the mud into the rotating plaster model. Under the action of centrifugal force, the mud is pressed against the mold wall and dehydrated to form a green body. Because the air bubbles in the mud are lighter, they tend to concentrate in the middle when the model rotates, and finally burst and disappear. The blanks injected by this method have relatively uniform thickness and are not easily deformed.　　The size of the solid particles of the slurry used in centrifugal grouting should not be too different, otherwise the coarse particles will be concentrated inside the body, and the fine particles will easily be concentrated on the surface of the model, causing uneven tissue and uneven shrinkage. The speed of the model should be determined by the size of the product. Large products should be slow, and small and medium products can be faster, generally 460-540 rpm. If the speed is too slow, mud lines are prone to appear. (2) Solid grouting: 　　 solid grouting uses the cavity between the two plaster mold surfaces (model and core), and the mud is absorbed by the working surface of the model and the core to form a product, so it is also called the double-sided slurry suction method . It is generally used to inject special-shaped products or porcelain white porcelin dinnerware plates such as cups, fish dishes, duck ponds, and juice buckets. It can also be used to inject products with different shapes and patterns on both sides or large and thick-walled products. The thickness of the blank is determined by the difference between the model and the core The size of the cavity is determined. During operation, the slurry is injected between the model and the mold core. After most of the water in the slurry is absorbed by the plaster mold, the green body shrinks and releases from the mold. At this time, the model can be removed and the green body is allowed to dry on the mold core. After the water in the blank is basically eliminated, the blank is taken out. In order to facilitate the discharge of air during grouting, a passage for releasing air must be reserved on the model.　　The proportion of solid grouted mud is larger than that of hollow grouted mud, generally between 171.9. Thickness is also higher, fineness can be increased appropriately. Because the model sucks out the water in the mud from two directions, the green body near the mold wall is denser, the center part of the green body is looser, and the uniformity is not ideal. In order to speed up the casting speed of the green body, promote the compact structure of the green body, and prevent the delamination of the green body caused by the absorption of slurry on both sides of the plaster mold, resulting in defects such as cracking and brewing, many porcelain factories switch to pressure grouting. The bucket containing the mud is raised, and the potential energy of the mud is used to increase the pressure of the mud. Compressed air is also used to increase the mud pressure, that is, compressed air pipeline grouting.　　The mud pressure of pressure grouting should be determined according to the shape and specifications (size and thickness) of the product. Generally, it should be controlled at 500-800 mm mercury column, and the minimum should not be lower than 300 mm mercury column. Practice has proved that increasing the pressure of the mud can increase the strength of the blank ring and reduce the pores, but attention must be paid to the reinforcement and closeness of the model, otherwise the phenomenon of mold rotten and slurry run-out is likely to occur. In addition, new technologies such as vacuum grouting, electrophoretic grouting and jet grouting are also used abroad.
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