Do healthier foods and diet patterns cost more than less healthy options? A systematic review and meta-analysis - most expensive restaurant dishes in the world

[For systematic review and metadata]
Analyze the prices of healthy and unhealthy food/diet patterns, taking into account the main sources of heterogeneity.
Source: MEDLINE (2000–2011)
Supplementary expert consultation and manual review of the reference list and related citations.
If the average retail price of food is reported or a dietary pattern stratified by health, design studies for independent review and repeated review are included.
We repeatedly extracted the average price of healthy and unhealthy food/diet patterns and their uncertainties, and rated the intensity of health differences for each comparison (range 1–10).
Adjusted prices based on inflation and World Bank PPP and standardized them to the international dollar (Defined as $1)in 2011.
Using a random effect model, we quantify the price difference between the health and unhealthy options for specific food types, dietary patterns, and price units (
Service, Day, calories).
Statistical heterogeneity is quantified using iodine statistics.
Results 27 studies from 10 countries met the inclusion criteria.
In the food group, the price of meat/protein varies the most: the healthier choice price is $0. 29/serving (95% CI $0. 19 to $0. 40)and $0. 47/200u2005kcal ($0. 42 to $0. 53)
It's not just a healthy choice.
The price difference between healthy food and unhealthy food is small in grains ($0. 03), dairy (−$0. 004)
Snacks/sweets ($0. 12)and fats/oils ($0. 02; p