7 ways to reduce the elution of lead and cadmium on decorative paper decoration on bone porcelain glaze

In daily decal production, people usually think that mixing or combining low-lead pigments and lead-free pigments will definitely reduce the amount of lead and cadmium leached. This is a wrong view. Our Guangdong Hosen Ceramic Factory has proved through several years of experiments and practice that the result of mixing or combining low-lead pigments and lead-free pigments is that the amount of lead and cadmium will be higher. Because they are mixed together, the stable color structure of the pigment is destroyed, and lead and cadmium are easily dissolved out. For the same reason, if lead-free pigments are decorated on lead-containing glazes, they will also cause excessive lead and cadmium leaching. 1. Use appropriate pigments correctly. For some less demanding bone china products, the use of low-lead pigments can fully meet the requirements, and there is no need to use lead-free pigments at this time due to cost considerations. Therefore, according to the standards that the lead and cadmium dissolution of daily bone china needs to meet, combined with the quality of the porcelain used, the correct choice of pigments is crucial. 2. Choose pigments with guaranteed quality. There are hundreds of pigment factories in China, and the quality of their products is also uneven. Small factories have price advantages, and large factories have quality and service advantages. Therefore, it is necessary to choose suitable pigments from manufacturers according to the specific requirements of the products. For products with strict requirements on the dissolution of lead and cadmium, it is recommended to use the products of well-known pigment manufacturers. One is because of its low lead and cadmium dissolution, good quality, and stable color; the other is its strong technical force, complete testing equipment, and large product batches. The product quality can be guaranteed; the third product series are many and the colors are rich, which can meet the requirements of different decoration methods and the dissolution of lead and cadmium; fourth, if the quality of the pigments appears, they can also seek compensation to reduce the loss of the paper mill. 3. Use the correct firing conditions. Whether the glaze and the pigment can fuse and form a dense glass-like structure layer at the firing temperature is a key factor affecting the amount of lead and cadmium dissolved. The formation of the glass layer is generally related to the baking temperature, and the higher the temperature, the more conducive to the formation of the glass layer. However, the baking temperature is strictly limited. Some decorative pictures are 'out of shape' due to the melting and diffusion of the pigment composition during the baking process. The flow caused by the melting of the glaze will also destroy the picture, and the temperature is too high. It will also cause defects such as cracks, deformation, pigment discoloration, and fading of the product. Regarding the firing conditions, another point is the way the porcelain is placed when baking the flowers. Generally, the technicians or baking workers in the factory pursue the output and ignore the quality. They put the porcelain pieces densely and densely. As a result, the output is increased, but the amount of lead and cadmium leaching out of the colored porcelain white porcelin dinnerware is also increased, and the brightness is also lost. Even the selenium red is roasted black. To get the best roasting effect, the general roasting time is 60-150min, the level of the ornaments is 1 to 4 layers, and the height of each layer is 5-6cm, and the ventilation system is good. In this way, the porcelain absorbs heat uniformly, has good ventilation, and is convenient to discharge exhaust gas. The color of the porcelain baked out of the color is good, and the amount of lead and cadmium is low. 4. Minimize the decorative area of u200bu200bthe pattern. The use of low-lead pigments is related to the pattern area. Generally, the larger the decorative area, the greater the risk of excessive lead and cadmium dissolution. At present, a large part of the bone china pigments used at home and abroad are low-lead pigments. If used improperly, it is easy to cause excessive lead and cadmium dissolution. Especially for colors with high lead and cadmium elution, when designing patterns, try to avoid using this dangerous color on a large area, otherwise it will lead to higher lead and cadmium leaching in the final colored porcelain white porcelin dinnerware product. For large-area flower surface decoration, it is recommended to switch to lead-free and cadmium-free pigments or improve the flower surface pattern design to reduce the flower surface area. 5. Fancy paper plus printing overlay. Adding a cover layer on the decal paper is a common method to reduce the dissolution of lead and cadmium in low-lead pigments. The cover layer is a layer of colorless, transparent and lead-free glassy material, which can improve the brightness of the color on the one hand, and can effectively reduce the dissolution of lead and cadmium in the paper paint on the other hand. Regardless of whether it is a low-lead paint or a lead-free paint, printing a layer of overcoat on it can achieve the purpose of reducing the leaching of lead and cadmium. It should be noted that for low-lead pigments, it is difficult to reach the level of lead-free cadmium leaching even if an overcoat is added. 6. Establish an emergency treatment plan for excessive lead dissolution. Once a certain batch of 'high-end' daily-use porcelain has excessive lead, it can be dealt with by reducing the lead content. According to the detection method, soak the product with 4%-20% (V/V) acetic acid for more than 24 hours, and then change the soaking solution once or even several times until the lead dissolution reaches the requirement. This treatment method is not only suitable for handling accidental 'missing' situations, but also suitable for high-cost 'super lead' products. Of course, enterprises with conditions can set up a 'de-lead' treatment workshop, and specialize in handling some products that are easy to exceed or have exceeded the standard with the cooperation of the self-inspection department. Of course, this method cannot be used for bone china products whose pictures are easily discolored in a 4% acetic acid soaking solution. 7. Other methods. Equipped with testing equipment and testing personnel, they can sample the amount of lead dissolution of each batch of products at any time, formulate a strict quality management mechanism and measurement and control system; control the quality of porcelain white porcelin dinnerware production, water, fuel, and pigments to prevent output during production Re-pollution caused by waste liquid, waste residue, waste material, and exhaust gas.

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